所有年龄段：每月自我检查
使用 皮肤癌的 ABCDE 每月检查一次皮肤，检查是否有黑色素瘤的迹象。如果您有痣让您担心，请立即去看医生。
皮肤癌
它是什么？
Skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in the U.S. and is one of the most preventable cancers. It includes non-melanoma skin cancers—basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma—as well as malignant melanoma. Most skin cancers are caused by damage from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer.
Early Detection = Better Outcomes®, so it’s important to get checked, reduce your risk, and talk with your health care provider about your health history.
接受检查
每个人，无论肤色如何，都有可能患上皮肤癌。
所有年龄段：每年进行皮肤癌检查
每年让医疗保健人员检查你的皮肤是一个好主意。
Those with darker skin tones: Advocate for your health
Skin cancer can be harder to identify on darker skin tones as compared to on light or fair skin tones. If you have darker skin, it’s a good idea to have your skin checks done by a health care provider, like a dermatologist, who is experienced in identifying skin cancer on all skin tones and knows what to look for.
保险范围
Under federal law, private insurers and Medicaid are required to cover services that have an “A” or “B” grade by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Some insurers may choose to cover services for additional groups. Medicare coverage for preventive services is limited to tests for which Congress has explicitly authorized coverage.
The USPSTF gives annual skin cancer checks an “I” rating, standing for “insufficient evidence”—they don’t recommend for or against an annual skin check. As a result, your insurance may or may not cover an annual visit to the dermatologist. If a visit to the dermatologist is not financially feasible, you can also get your skin checked by your primary care provider at your annual check-up.
Always check with your insurance provider to find out if you’ll be covered for routine skin cancer screening.
了解您的风险
如果您符合以下情况，则罹患皮肤癌的风险会增加：
- 年龄超过 50 岁。
- 出生时被指定为男性。
- Spend or have spent time in the sun or use sun lamps or tanning beds.
- 皮肤白皙，有雀斑或容易晒伤的皮肤。
- 有红色或浅色（金色或棕色）的头发。
- 有浅色（蓝色、灰色或绿色）的眼睛。
- Use tobacco products, including cigarettes, or used them in the past.
- 有个人或家族皮肤癌病史。
- 患有某些影响皮肤的遗传疾病，例如发育不良痣综合征。
- 免疫系统较弱。
- 接受放射治疗。
- 小时候曾晒伤过。
- 身上有几颗痣，尤其是出生以来。
- 皮肤上有奇怪的痣或一个或多个大的彩色斑点。
- 接触过某些化学物质，例如饮用水中的砷。
- 因受伤或长期炎症而导致皮肤损伤。
- 患有某些癌前皮肤病，如光化性角化病。
降低风险
您可以通过以下与生活方式相关的改变来降低患皮肤癌的风险：
避免晒太阳，尤其是上午 10 点到下午 4 点之间，此时阳光最强烈。
需要晒太阳来补充维生素 D 吗？ 一些专家表示，从食物或补充剂中获取维生素 D 比从阳光中获取更好。请咨询您的医疗保健提供者有关维生素 D 和您的健康的信息。
务必使用 SPF 30 或更高、具有 UVA 和 UVB 防护功能（广谱）的防晒霜。
如果您在阳光下，即使是阴天，也要每两小时补涂一次。一年四季都要保护您的皮肤免受过度日晒，而不仅仅是在夏天。
穿戴防护服、头饰和护目镜。
确保您的太阳镜尺寸合适，并提供 99-100% 防护，防止 UVA 和 UVB 射线（这些将标有 UV400 等级）。
切勿使用日光浴床或太阳灯。
Always use lip balm with SPF 30 or higher with UVA and UVB protection (broad spectrum).
如果您在阳光下，即使是阴天，也要每两小时补涂一次。一年四季都要保护您的嘴唇免受过度日晒，而不仅仅是在夏天。
保护儿童免受阳光照射，以降低他们日后患皮肤癌的风险。
Treat skin conditions that could develop into cancer.
Talk to your health care provider if you have a high number of actinic keratosis (rough, scaly precancerous skin patches). There are treatments and/or medications your health care provider can prescribe to reduce the risk these become cancerous.
体征和症状
Use the ABCDEs of skin cancer to check your skin once a month for possible signs of melanoma. You could also show signs of non-melanoma skin cancers. If you have a suspicious mole or any of the following symptoms, see a health care provider right away:
- 伤口无法愈合
- 之前没有注意到的痣或其他皮肤增生
- 斑点边界发生变化、颜色扩散、区域周围发红或肿胀
- 一个小的、光滑的、有光泽的、苍白的或蜡状的肿块，可能会出血
- 大面积渗出或结痂
- 扁平的红点或有鳞片或硬皮的肿块
- 痣或皮肤其他部位的瘙痒、压痛或疼痛
- 边缘不平整的棕色或黑色斑点
治疗方案
治疗取决于皮肤癌的类型、疾病的阶段和您的病情。
外科手术
The most common treatment for skin cancer is surgery to remove the cancerous cells.
化疗
这是一种使用药物杀死癌细胞的治疗方法。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。
放射治疗
这种治疗方法使用高剂量的辐射杀死癌细胞并缩小肿瘤。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。
免疫疗法
这种类型的癌症治疗有助于您的免疫系统更好地对癌症作出反应，以检测和摧毁异常细胞。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。
How to read sunscreen labels
How do you know which sunscreen to choose, and what do the different terms on the label mean? We’re breaking down sunscreen terms so you can make the best choice for you.
了解更多
最新的
日光浴床正在卷土重来。以下是为什么这是一件坏事。
What is MCD? Your multi-cancer detection test questions, answered
