预防癌症的方法

1. 了解家族健康史并进行推荐的癌症筛查

与您的医疗保健提供者分享您的家族健康史并讨论癌症筛查。一些测试可以帮助及早发现癌症，此时治疗更有可能成功，一些测试还可以在癌前病变发展为癌症之前发现它们。虽然筛查已被证明可以挽救生命，但筛查指南可能不是“一刀切”的。

2. Avoid or limit alcohol

Drinking alcohol is linked to several cancers, including breast, colorectal, esophageal, oral and liver cancers. To reduce your risk of cancer, it’s best to avoid alcohol completely. If you do choose to drink, limit your drinking to no more than one drink a day if you were assigned female at birth, and no more than two drinks a day if you were assigned male at birth. The more you drink, the greater your risk of cancer. Even small amounts of alcohol might increase your risk.

3. Avoid all forms of tobacco

Tobacco use (including cigarettes, vapes/e-cigarettes, cigars, hookah, chewing tobacco and more) has been linked to many types of cancer, including lung, colorectal, breast, throat, cervical, bladder, mouth and esophageal cancers. It’s best to never start using tobacco, but if you do use tobacco products, it’s never too late to quit. According to the American Cancer Society, cigarette smoking rates reached a historic low of 9%-11% in the U.S. in 2025. However, smoking still accounts for about 30% of all cancer deaths. About 80%-90% of all lung cancers are related to cigarette smoking.

Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke are also at risk for lung and other types of cancer, as well as other diseases. E-cigarettes and vaping products can also cause serious health risks and can lead to addiction or serve as a gateway to other tobacco products. The Prevent Cancer Foundation stands firm in discouraging the use of 全部 tobacco products.

4. Protect your skin from the sun

皮肤癌是美国最常见的癌症诊断，也是最可预防的癌症之一。大多数皮肤癌都是由太阳的紫外线辐射引起的。务必全年使用足够的防晒霜。切勿使用室内日光浴床。

5. Eat a plant-forward diet

Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, beans and whole grains. Limit red meat (such as beef, pork or lamb) and foods high in salt. Avoid processed meats (such as bacon, sausage, hot dogs or cold cuts) and drinks with added sugar.

The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables can help prevent DNA damage, and the phytochemicals and fiber have properties that can stop or slow the growth of cancer cells.

6. 保持健康体重并保持活跃

Obesity is linked to many cancers, including those of the endometrium, liver, kidney, pancreas, colon and breast (especially in post-menopausal women). Excess body fat promotes tumor growth throug hchronic, low-level inflammation, higher estrogen levels, and increased insulin resistance.

Getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity at least five days a week can make a big difference in your general health and well-being and can help in maintaining a healthy weight. Make it a priority to move more and sit less. If you spend most of your time at work sitting at a desk, for example, find a way to get up and move around every hour.

Physical activity is linked to a lower risk of colorectal, breast and endometrial cancers, and there is some evidence that also links it to reducing the risk of other cancers. Add exercise to your routine to reduce stress, increase energy, boost your immune system, maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk of cancer.

7. Practice safer sex, such as limiting your number of partners and using protection/barrier (such as a condom) every time

Certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer (cancer of the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils) and at least four other types of cancer. Because HPV is spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex, using a condom the right way every time you have sex can help protect you, but it is not 100% protection.

The hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses can be spread from person to person through sex or blood (for example, by sharing needles and syringes for injection drug use). The hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses can cause long-term liver infection that can increase your chance of developing liver cancer. Avoid risky behaviors and practice safer sex to decrease your risk of hepatitis B or hepatitis C and liver cancer.

8.接种HPV和乙肝疫苗

Getting vaccinated can protect you from certain viruses that are linked to cancer. One of these viruses is HPV. All children should get vaccinated against HPV between ages 9-12, and older teens and young adults (ages 13- 26) who have not been vaccinated can get a “catch-up” vaccination series.

In the U.S., most liver cancers are linked to hepatitis B or hepatitis C. A hepatitis B vaccine is available and is recommended for all children and adults up to age 59, as well as adults age 60 and over who are at high risk for hepatitis B infection. Testing and treatment are available for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C.