宫颈癌是起源于宫颈（出生时被指定为女性的人的生殖系统中连接子宫和阴道的器官）内壁细胞的癌症。宫颈癌是高度可预防的，最常见的原因是人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)，可通过疫苗预防。
Follow the HPV vaccination guidelines below. Anyone with a cervix should be screened per recommendations to look for precancerous cervical cells (which can be removed before they become cancer) or to detect cancer early.
If you have a cervix and are of average risk, follow these vaccination* and screening guidelines.** You should follow screening recommendations regardless of whether you have been vaccinated against HPV:
*Source: American Cancer Society’s vaccination schedule
**Source: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force screening guidelines
人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV) vaccination protects against the types of HPV most likely to cause cancer (including cervical cancer), and it is most effective if done before a person is exposed to the virus.
All young people ages 9–12 should get vaccinated against HPV. Vaccination is also recommended for teens and young adults up to age 26 if not fully vaccinated when younger.
If the vaccine is given as recommended, it can prevent more than 90% of HPV-related cancers.
每 3 年进行一次巴氏涂片检查。
有以下任一选项：
If you’re older than 65, talk with your health care provider about whether you still need to be screened.
If you are at increased risk for cervical cancer you may need to be screened differently (varied intervals or additional tests). Follow the recommendations of your health care provider.
Under federal law, private insurers and Medicaid are required to cover services that have an “A” or “B” grade by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Some insurers may choose to cover services for additional groups. Medicare coverage for preventive services is limited to tests for which Congress has explicitly authorized coverage.
Always check with your insurance provider to find out if you’ll be covered for routine cervical cancer screening.
Some organizations recently began including the self-collection method in HPV screening recommendations, after these methods received FDA approval in 2025. Draft recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force include both patient- and clinician-collected methods for HPV testing, and we anticipate these recommendations will be finalized and published soon.
If you are interested in using the self-collection method for HPV testing, talk to your health care provider and ask if this is an option for you.
如果您有子宫颈，并且符合以下情况，则罹患子宫颈癌的风险会增加：
您可以通过以下与生活方式相关的改变来降低罹患宫颈癌的风险：
所有 9-12 岁的青少年都应接种 HPV 疫苗。如果青少年和 26 岁以下的年轻人在年轻时没有完全接种疫苗，也建议他们接种疫苗。
If you do use tobacco, quit. Quitting will have an immediate positive impact on your cancer risk.
Limit your number of partners and use protection/a barrier (such as a condom) every time. Because HPV is spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex, using a new condom the right way every time you have sex can help protect you, but it is not 100% protection.
即使您已经接种过 HPV 疫苗，也应该接受巴氏涂片检查和/或 HPV 检测。
宫颈癌前病变通常不会引起任何症状，只能通过盆腔检查、巴氏试验或 HPV 检测来检测。
There are usually no symptoms in the early stages of cervical cancer. Pelvic exams and Pap or HPV tests are key to early detection.
如果您出现以下任何症状，请立即与您的医疗保健提供者联系：
治疗取决于癌症的阶段、肿瘤细胞的类型和您的病情。
手术是治疗宫颈癌的最常见方法之一。手术类型包括简单的宫颈切除术（切除宫颈）和根治性子宫切除术（切除宫颈、子宫、输卵管、阴道上部和周围组织，以及可能的卵巢和附近淋巴结）。
这种治疗方法使用高剂量的辐射杀死癌细胞并缩小肿瘤。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。
化疗使用药物杀死癌细胞。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。
塔米卡在 25 岁时被诊断出患有癌症，之后她必须应对宫颈癌以及随之而来的一切。
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