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肝癌

它是什么？

肝癌是起源于肝细胞的癌症。通常可以通过预防导致大多数肝癌的病毒（乙肝和丙肝）来预防。

You can greatly reduce your risk of liver cancer by protecting yourself from these viruses or diagnosing and treating an infection early. 了解更多有关乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和肝癌之间的联系。

Early Detection = Better Outcomes®, so it’s important to get vaccinated and screened, reduce your risk, and talk with your health care provider about your health history.

Multiracial group of happy senior people taking a selfie with a cell phone in a recreational room.

接种疫苗并接受筛查

There is no routine screening for liver cancer, but you can protect yourself against the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, the leading causes of liver cancer. Get vaccinated* and screened** according to these guidelines:

*Source: American Academy of Family Physicians’ vaccination schedule
**Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention screening guidelines

所有年龄段：乙肝疫苗接种

The hepatitis B vaccine should be given in three doses between birth and 6-18 months of age. All medically stable infants should be vaccinated against hepatitis B.

If you were never vaccinated for hepatitis B, talk to your health care provider about getting vaccinated now with a two-dose or three-dose vaccine. The vaccine is recommended for those up to age 59 at average risk and for those ages 60 and older who are at high risk of hepatitis B infection. (Adults ages 60 and up who are at average risk may also get vaccinated.)

所有成年人：乙肝检测

All adults (18+) should get screened for hepatitis B at least once in their lifetime. Pregnant people should get screened during each pregnancy. People who have ongoing risk factors should have periodic testing. If you test positive, treatments are available.

All adults: Hepatitis C testing

All adults (18+) should be tested for hepatitis C at least once in their lifetime. Those who are pregnant or people of any age with risk factors, including people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), should be screened for hepatitis C. People who have ongoing risk factors should have periodic testing.

If you test positive, treatments are available. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C.

查找您需要的放映

这些信息将帮助您和您的医疗保健提供者决定您需要进行哪些癌症筛查、何时开始筛查以及筛查频率。

立即开始

了解您的风险

You are at increased risk for liver cancer if you:

  • 患有乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎感染。
  • 过量饮酒。饮酒会导致肝硬化或肝脏瘢痕形成，进而引发肝癌。
  • 使用烟草制品。
  • Are overweight or medically classified as obese.
  • 患有脂肪肝。
  • 患有 2 型糖尿病。
  • 在工作场所接触致癌化学物质。

降低风险

您可以通过这些与生活方式相关的风险调整来降低罹患肝癌的风险：

Icon illustration of a need and syringe.

接种乙肝疫苗。

Icon illustration of a checklist with a medical cross at the top indicating medical guidelines.

遵循乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的筛查指南。

Icon illustration of a stethoscope.

如果您被诊断患有乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎感染，请寻求治疗。

Icon illustration of a cigarette with smoke coming from its tip and a large X over it indicating no smoking.

Avoid all forms of tobacco.

If you do, quit. Quitting will have an immediate positive impact on your cancer risk.

Icon illustration of a wine bottle and a wine glass with a large X over it indicating not to drink alcohol.

避免或限制饮酒。

为了降低患癌症的风险，最好完全戒酒。如果你选择喝酒，如果你出生时被指定为女性，那么每天饮酒量不得超过一杯；如果你出生时被指定为男性，那么每天饮酒量不得超过两杯。

Icon illustration of a condom package.

进行更安全的性行为。

Limit your number of partners and use protection/a barrier (such as a condom) every time. Because hepatitis B and C can be spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex, using a new condom the right way every time you have sex can help protect you, but it is not 100% protection.

Icon illustration of a body scale.

保持健康的体重。

每周锻炼至少 5 天，每次至少 30 分钟。

体征和症状

如果您发现任何以下症状，请立即与您的医疗保健提供者联系：

如需了解乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎的体征和症状，请访问 病毒和癌症页面.

  • 体重意外减轻
  • 食欲不振
  • 疲劳
  • Unexplained nausea and/or vomiting
  • 肝脏肿大，感觉像肋骨右侧下方的一个肿块
  • 脾脏肿大，感觉左侧肋骨下有肿块
  • 腹部或右肩胛骨附近疼痛
  • 腹部肿胀或积液
  • 瘙痒
  • 皮肤和眼睛发黄
  • 发烧
  • 异常瘀伤或出血
  • 腹部静脉扩张，透过皮肤可见

治疗方案

治疗取决于癌症的类型和阶段以及您的病情。

外科手术

手术切除癌细胞和周围组织是治疗肝癌最有效的方法。这被称为肝切除术、部分肝切除术或肝叶切除术。手术还可以包括肝移植，切除患病肝脏并用捐赠者的健康肝脏替换。

Minimally invasive and localized treatments

Thermal ablation
这是一种利用热、冷或电流攻击肿瘤的治疗方法。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。

肿瘤栓塞
肿瘤栓塞是一种减少肿瘤血液供应的手术。这可以缓解症状、缩小肿瘤、减缓肿瘤生长并使肿瘤边缘更容易识别。它可以使手术过程更容易。

Chemoembolization
When used in combination with tumor embolization, this procedure delivers concentrated chemotherapy or radiation directly to the cancer.

Histotripsy
This procedure uses focused ultrasound waves to break down tumor tissue without requiring any incisions or probes. It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments.

Systemic therapies

化疗
化疗使用药物杀死癌细胞。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。

放射治疗
这种治疗方法使用高剂量的辐射杀死癌细胞并缩小肿瘤。它可以单独使用，也可以在手术前或手术后与其他疗法结合使用。

靶向治疗
靶向治疗是一种药物或抗体，针对影响癌细胞生长、分裂和扩散的蛋白质。它可以在手术前或手术后单独使用或组合使用。

免疫疗法
Immunotherapy is used to target proteins that help the body’s own immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells. This is most often used in combination with another treatment.

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