您应该了解的 4 项乳腺癌筛查测试

In honor of 乳腺癌 Awareness Month, we’re sharing some information from the front lines of breast cancer early detection. Check out the list below to learn about some of the current technologies and promising emerging ones in breast cancer screening you should know about.

1. 3D mammograms are raising the bar on cancer detection rates—and reducing false positives.

当你听到“乳腺癌筛查”这个词时，你可能会想到“乳房 X 线摄影”。几十年来，乳房 X 线摄影一直是乳腺癌筛查的黄金标准，但新技术正在帮助提高乳房成像的质量。

3D mammograms (also called breast tomosynthesis) add another dimension to the traditional mammogram. Instead of just two views of the breast, 3D mammograms allow radiologists to view from multiple angles. More images mean clearer detail, better detection and fewer errors.

Some studies have shown 3D mammography may improve detection of invasive breast cancers by 40% and reduce visits for follow-up tests by 15%. 这项技术对乳腺组织致密的女性尤其有用，因为她们的乳房很难通过传统的乳房 X 光检查进行检查，而且患癌症的风险更高。

Talk with your health care provider about whether a 3D mammogram is right for you—and learn more from MD 安德森癌症中心.

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2. 你的基因可以说明很多有关你患病风险的信息，但它们并不能说明全部情况。

By now you’ve probably heard about testing for the “BRCA genes” and how mutations in these genes may impact your cancer risk. BRCA1 和 BRCA2 gene mutations are associated with breast cancer (as well as ovarian cancer in women, prostate and pancreatic cancer in men and several other types of cancer). The National Cancer Institute estimates that 72% of women with a BRCA1 gene mutation and 69% of women with a BRCA2 gene mutation will develop breast cancer in their lifetimes.

虽然这些基因突变显然在乳腺癌风险中起着关键作用，但了解以下几点也很重要： only 5%-10% of breast cancer cases are related to genetic history. Not having BRCA1 或者 BRCA2 gene mutations doesn’t mean you’re not at risk for breast cancer, and you still should talk with your health care professional about the right breast cancer screening for you.

Want to learn more about BRCA1 和 BRCA2? Read this 事实说明书 from the National Cancer Institute. You can talk with your health care professional about whether genetic testing makes sense for you.

有关乳腺癌预防和早期发现的更多信息，请访问 Preventcancer.org/breast.

3. 分子乳腺成像可以让人们深入了解癌细胞的活动。

研究人员还在探索使用分子乳腺成像（有时称为闪烁乳腺造影术或乳腺特异性伽马成像）检测乳腺癌的可能性。对于乳腺组织致密或患乳腺癌风险较高的女性，该技术可与乳房 X 光检查或超声波检查一起使用。

This form of imaging works by injecting small amounts of radioactive material (called tracers) into the arm. Then, small cameras record the tracer for about 40 minutes to create images of each breast. Cancer cells absorb the tracer faster than regular cells, so areas that show the most tracer will appear highlighted in the image. This technology may help health care providers get a better look at breast tissue to determine whether a biopsy is needed, which can help you avoid unneeded procedures.

Molecular breast imaging is a new technology and is not yet widely available. You can learn more aout molecular breast imaging from 梅奥诊所.

RELATED | Does hormone replacement therapy increase my risk of breast cancer

4. 循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）有可能改变早期检测的未来。 

有一项新测试即将问世，它可能对乳腺癌筛查和早期诊断具有开创性的意义。液体活检目前已获得美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 的批准，用于监测转移性乳腺癌患者的病情进展，但它也可能对 早期发现肿瘤.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed by tumors and enter the blood. Using liquid biopsies, health care providers can analyze these CTCs and may be able to learn lot about early stages of breast cancer. By looking at CTCs with liquid biopsies, they may be able to determine the stage of cancer, how cancer is responding to treatment and how likely it is to come back.

了解最新动态 最新的 CTC 研究 来自美国国家癌症研究所。