የኮሎሬክታል ካንሰር

ምንድነው ይሄ፧

Colorectal cancer is cancer that begins in the colon and/or rectum (everyone has a colon and rectum unless they have been surgically removed). This cancer can be prevented with a screening colonoscopy by removing polyps (grape-like growths on the wall of the large intestine, which includes both the colon and rectum) before they become cancerous.

With routine screening, you can also detect the disease early when the cancer is small and hasn’t spread. Early Detection = Better Outcomes^®, so it’s important to get screened, reduce your risk, and talk with your health care provider about your health history.

Four adults in their 50s dressed in red baseball jerseys and caps. There is a Black man and woman and a whiteman and woman who are all linking arms and smiling. They appear to be on a team.

ይጣራ

If you are at average risk, follow these screening guidelines.*

*Source: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)

ዕድሜ 45–75፡ ተጣራ

Start getting screened at age 45 if you’re at average risk for colorectal cancer, and continue getting screened through age 75 if you are in good health with a life expectancy of 10 years or more.

በ76-85 እድሜ መካከል ከሆኑ፣ ምርመራውን መቀጠል አለመቀጠልዎ ከጤና እንክብካቤ አቅራቢዎ ጋር ይነጋገሩ። ከ 85 አመት በኋላ, ምርመራ ማድረግ የለብዎትም.

Visual tests

A health care provider visually examines your colon using a procedural medical tool
Done every 5-10 years, depending on the type of test
Requires bowel prep, which cleans out the colon and enables a health care provider to visualize the lining
May or may not require sedation, depending on the type of test
Opportunity for prevention (colonoscopy) or early detection (all visual testing methods)
Any abnormal results from a visual test that is not a colonoscopy (i.e. a virtual colonoscopy or a flexible sigmoidoscopy) need to be followed up with a timely colonoscopy

በርጩማ ላይ የተመሰረቱ ሙከራዎች

Non-invasive, at-home method of testing
Done every 1-3 years, depending on the brand or type of test
Requires a stool sample to be mailed to a lab
Stool sample is checked for hidden blood and/or genetic information shed by cancerous or precancerous cells
Any abnormal results from stool-based tests need to be followed up with a timely colonoscopy

Blood-based tests

Newest screening method
Only recommended for those who have declined or have not completed a structural (visual) or stool-based screening test
Done every 3 years
Requires having your blood drawn at a doctor’s office or lab
Blood sample is checked for DNA that could signal cancer
Any abnormal result from a blood test needs to be followed up with a timely colonoscopy

Increased risk

Based on your personal risk, some screening options may not be recommended for you. You may also need to start regular screening at an earlier age and/or be screened more often.

የጄኔቲክ ሙከራ may be an option for those who want more information about their cancer risk based on their family health history.

የኢንሹራንስ ሽፋን

Under federal law, private insurers and Medicaid are required to cover services that have an “A” or “B” grade by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Some insurers may choose to cover services for additional groups of people. Medicare coverage for preventive services is limited to tests for which Congress has explicitely authorized coverage.

Guidelines from the USPSTF recommend colorectal cancer screening with a visual or stool-based test for adults ages 45-75. NCCN recommendations include blood tests as a screening option for those who have declined or have not completed a screening with another method.

አደጋህን እወቅ

የሚከተሉትን ካደረጉ ለኮሎሬክታል ካንሰር የመጋለጥ እድልዎ ይጨምራል።

እድሜያቸው 50 ወይም ከዚያ በላይ ነው።
Are Black or Alaska Native.
Use tobacco products, including cigarettes, or used them in the past.
Are overweight or medically classified as obese.
ዓይነት 2 የስኳር በሽታ ይኑርዎት.
በአካል ንቁ አይደሉም።
ከመጠን በላይ አልኮል ይጠጡ.
ብዙ ቀይ ስጋ (እንደ የበሬ ሥጋ፣ የአሳማ ሥጋ ወይም በግ) ወይም የተሰራ ስጋ (እንደ ባኮን፣ ቋሊማ፣ ትኩስ ውሾች ወይም ጉንፋን ያሉ) ይበሉ።
Don't eat enough foods with calcium, whole grains or fiber (including fruits, vegetables and beans).
Have a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps.
Have a personal or family history of inflammatory bowel disease (such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease).
Have a personal or family history of a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, such as Lynch syndrome or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP).

ስጋትዎን ይቀንሱ

በእነዚህ የአኗኗር ዘይቤዎች የተደረጉ ማሻሻያዎችን በመጠቀም ለኮሎሬክታል ካንሰር ያለዎትን ተጋላጭነት መቀነስ ይችላሉ።

ቢያንስ ለ 30 ደቂቃዎች በሳምንት ቢያንስ ለ 5 ቀናት የአካል ብቃት እንቅስቃሴ ያድርጉ።

አልኮልን ያስወግዱ ወይም ይገድቡ.

የካንሰርን ተጋላጭነት ለመቀነስ አልኮልን ሙሉ በሙሉ ማስወገድ ጥሩ ነው። ለመጠጣት ከመረጥክ፣ በምትወለድበት ጊዜ ሴት ከተመደብክ፣ መጠጥህን በቀን ከአንድ በላይ እንዳይጠጣ ገድብ፣ እና በወሊድ ጊዜ ወንድ ከተመደብክ በቀን ከሁለት ጊዜ በላይ አትጠጣ።

Avoid all forms of tobacco.

ቀይ ስጋን ይቀንሱ እና የተሰራውን ስጋ ይቁረጡ.

ጤናማ ክብደትን ይጠብቁ.

ብዙ አትክልት፣ ፍራፍሬ፣ ባቄላ እና ሙሉ እህል ይመገቡ።

The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables can help prevent DNA damage, and the phytochemicals and fiber have properties that can stop or slow the growth of cancer cells.

በመመሪያዎ እና በግላዊ የአደጋ ምክንያቶችዎ ላይ በመመርኮዝ ለኮሎሬክታል ካንሰር ምርመራ ያድርጉ።

ምልክቶች እና ምልክቶች

ከሚከተሉት ምልክቶች አንዱን ካጋጠመዎት ወዲያውኑ ከጤና እንክብካቤ አቅራቢዎ ጋር ይነጋገሩ፡

በርጩማ ወይም በርጩማ ላይ ከፊንጢጣ ወይም ደም መፍሰስ
Unexplained iron-deficiency anemia
ከጥቂት ቀናት በላይ የሚቆይ የአንጀት እንቅስቃሴ ለውጥ
ከወትሮው የበለጠ ጠባብ የሆኑ ሰገራዎች
General abdominal problems such as bloating, fullness or a feeling that you need to have a bowel movement that’s not relieved by having one
Persistent abdominal cramps
Unexplained vomiting, diarrhea or constipation
ያለምንም ምክንያት ክብደት መቀነስ
Unexplained fatigue

የሕክምና አማራጮች

ሕክምናው እንደ ካንሰሩ ደረጃ፣ እንደ ዕጢ ህዋሶች አይነት እና የጤና ሁኔታዎ ይወሰናል።

ቀዶ ጥገና

ለኮሎሬክታል ካንሰር በጣም የተለመደው ሕክምና ቀዶ ጥገና ነው. ይህ ከፊል ኮሌክሞሚ (የኮሎን ክፍልን ማስወገድ፣ እንዲሁም ኮሎን ሪሴክሽን ተብሎ የሚጠራው) ወደ ፕሮክቶኮሌክቶሚ (ትልቅ አንጀት እና ፊንጢጣን ማስወገድ) ሊደርስ ይችላል።

ኪሞቴራፒ

ኪሞቴራፒ የካንሰር ሕዋሳትን ለማጥፋት መድሃኒቶችን ይጠቀማል. ካንሰሩ ከተስፋፋ ኬሞቴራፒ ከቀዶ ጥገና በፊት ወይም በኋላ ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል.

ጨረራ

ይህ ህክምና የካንሰር ሕዋሳትን ለመግደል እና እጢዎችን ለማጥበብ ከፍተኛ መጠን ያለው የጨረር መጠን ይጠቀማል። ካንሰሩ ሲሰራጭ ጨረር ከቀዶ ጥገናው በፊት ወይም በኋላ ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል.

‘Twas the night before your colonoscopy: 5 prep tips to make it easier

Prepping for a colonoscopy? Here's some ways to make the process easier!

ተጨማሪ እወቅ

A March calendar with colonoscopy written on one of the days